Castleton-on-Hudson is a very small village located in the state of New York. With a population of 1,459 people and two associated neighborhoods, Castleton-on-Hudson is the 681st largest community in New York. Castleton-on-Hudson has an unusually large stock of pre-World War II architecture, making it one of the older and more historic villages.

A relatively large number of people in Castleton-on-Hudson telecommute to their jobs. Overall, about 13.56% of the workforce works from home. While this may seem like a small number, as a fraction of the total workforce it ranks among the highest in the country. These workers are often telecommuters who work in knowledge-based, white-collar professions. For example, Silicon Valley has large numbers of people who telecommute. Other at-home workers may be self-employed people who operate small businesses out of their homes.

The overall education level of Castleton-on-Hudson is somewhat higher than in the average US city of 21.84%: 26.97% of adults 25 and older in the village have at least a bachelor's degree.

The per capita income in Castleton-on-Hudson in 2018 was $33,761, which is lower middle income relative to New York, and middle income relative to the rest of the US. This equates to an annual income of $135,044 for a family of four. However, Castleton-on-Hudson contains both very wealthy and poor people as well.

The people who call Castleton-on-Hudson home describe themselves as belonging to a variety of racial and ethnic groups. The greatest number of Castleton-on-Hudson residents report their race to be White, followed by Black or African-American. Important ancestries of people in Castleton-on-Hudson include German, Irish, English, Italian, and French.

The most common language spoken in Castleton-on-Hudson is English. Other important languages spoken here include Spanish and Polish.